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Debt and its causes

In today's fast-changing world of money, knowing about debt, what causes it, and its impacts can help people control their money instead of letting money control them.

What is debt, and how does it grow?

Debt is the money that you owe to others. You might borrow money for different reasons, like buying a car, going to college, or paying for a vacation. When you borrow money, you usually have to pay it back with
.
Over time, your debt can grow because of interest, fees, and penalties. For example, if you take out a loan for $5,000 with an annual interest rate of 5%, your total debt will grow by $250 each year, even if you don't borrow any more money.

Good debt vs. bad debt: Understanding the difference

When you hear the word "debt," you might think it's always a bad thing, but that's not true! There are actually two types of debt: good debt and bad debt. Good debt is when you borrow money to invest in something valuable, like your future. Bad debt, on the other hand, is when you borrow money for things that lose value or don't help you grow financially.

Good debt: Investing in your future

Good debt is the kind that helps you achieve your dreams, improves your financial prospects, and adds value to your life. Generally, good debt involves borrowing money to invest in assets that will grow in value over time, generate income, or improve your finances.
An example of good debt is educational loans. If you borrow money to go to college or pay for training, you are investing in your education, which can lead to a better job and higher income. That's why people call this type of debt "good" – because it helps improve your financial situation in the long run.
Another example of good debt is borrowing money to buy a house. A home is an investment that can increase in value over time, so taking out a mortgage (a loan to buy a house) can be considered good debt too.

Bad debt: Weakening your financial stability

On the other hand, bad debt is when you borrow money for things that don't help you grow financially or lose value over time.
For example, if you use a credit card to buy a new TV or a trendy outfit, that's bad debt. These items lose value quickly, and you might end up paying interest on them for a long time. If you had to borrow $1,000 for a new phone and paid 15% interest on it, you would actually end up paying more than $1,000 for the phone, which isn't a smart financial decision.
Ultimately, the difference between good debt and bad debt lies in how the borrowed money is used and its potential to improve your financial future. Good debt can easily turn into bad debt if not managed carefully, and bad debt can be turned into good debt by being strategic about its use.

Check your understanding

Good debt or bad debt?
Read the scenario below and label it as an example of good debt or bad debt.
Tyriq takes out a student loan to go to college. He graduates with a degree in computer science and lands a high-paying job.
Choose 1 answer:

How debt affects your life

Debt can have a big impact on your financial health, well-being, and life goals. When you have a lot of debt, it can:

1. Reduce your cash flow, savings, and investments

When you're paying back debt, you have less money to spend on other things or save for the future.

2. Increase stress and anxiety

Worrying about debt can make you feel stressed, anxious, or even depressed.

3. Limit your choices and flexibility

Having debt can make it harder to change jobs, move to a new city, or take advantage of new opportunities.

Common causes and sources of debt

There are many reasons why people go into debt, including:

Medical bills

If you don't have health insurance or you have a high-deductible plan, an unexpected medical issue can be expensive.

Divorce

Legal fees and the costs of splitting up assets can put people in debt.

Job loss

Losing a job can disrupt your income and make it difficult to keep up with bills.

Student loans

College can be expensive, and many students take out loans to cover the costs.

Car loans and mortgages

Buying a car or a home often requires borrowing money.

Credit cards

People can fall into credit card debt if they're not careful about their spending and if they don't pay their bill in full each month.

Payday, title, and cash loans

These types of loans can be costly with high fees and interest rates.

Gambling

People can get into debt if they gamble more than they can afford to lose.

Warning signs of debt problems

If you notice any of these warning signs, you might have a debt problem:
  1. Missing or making minimum payments: If you're only paying the minimum amount, it will take longer to pay off your debt and cost more in interest.
  2. Relying on credit for everyday expenses: Using credit cards for things like groceries, gas, and bills can lead to more debt.
  3. Borrowing from one source to pay another: Taking out a loan to pay off another loan is a sign that your debt is getting out of control.
  4. Avoiding or ignoring bills and creditors: Not facing your debt can make the problem worse.
  5. Feeling overwhelmed or hopeless: If you're constantly worried about debt and don't see a way out, it's important to seek help and make a plan.
hand reaching out from a pile of papers
Having too much debt can feel like you are drowning in it.

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